Visa Application free essay sample

Foreigners must obtain a visa before travelling to Myanmar. Please read this information carefully before you complete your application. Once you have completed your application we strongly advice that you keep a copy for your reference. It is strongly recommended that you complete all questions in all sections on the visa application form. Failure to answer any questions completely and accurately may result in the application being cancelled or refused without prejudice. Tourist Visa: This visa is granted to an applicant who either travels independently or in a group such as package tour. The visa is valid for three months from the date of issue with 28 days stay. Requirements are; 1. Passport, 2. Application form with a photo (1. 5 ? 2 inches with background white); 3. A copy of flight itinerary; 4. A recommendation letter from employer addressed to: Visa section, Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, give brief description about occupation, purpose of visit, intended arrival and departure dates. We will write a custom essay sample on Visa Application or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Package tour travelers are requested to provide a copy of the package program; 5. Visa fee is RMB 200. 00. Entry Visa: This visa is granted to applicants from government agencies for official visit, former nationals of Myanmar and their foreign relatives for social visits and for meditation. The visa is valid for three months from the date of issue with 28 days stay. Requirements are; 1. Passport, 2. Application form with a photo (1. 5 ? 2 inches with background white); 3. A copy of flight itinerary; 4. A recommendation letter from employer addressed to: Visa section, Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, give brief description about occupation, purpose of visit and intended arrival and departure dates; 5. Official Visits; An invitation letter from the ministry concerned of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. 6. Social Visits; A brief bio data with one photo pasted (form is available at the Embassy) 7. Meditation; An invitation letter from the monastery in which the applicant intends to stay and meditate in Myanmar. 8. Visa fee is RMB 300. 00 Business Visa: This visa is granted to applicant from Business Organizations that have business establishments in Myanmar or an applicant who intends to establish business in Myanmar. The visa is valid for three months from the date of issue with 70 days stay. Diplomatic Gratis Official Courtesy / Gratis Official Courtesy: This visa is granted to a government official on his / her official visit to the country. A foreign diplomat may also apply such visa to enter the country either to assume his / her post at the respective Embassy in Myanmar or for personal visit. It is issued as authorized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Requirements are; 1. Diplomatic or Official Passport.

An Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge essays

An Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge essays What makes Ambrose Bierce a realist Author "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" can be considered a work of realism for two reasons. The first is Bierce's utilization of his own military background giving this story a sense of realism. Bierce also conveys his pessimism after leading the reader to believe otherwise. This story provides social critique of the south during the Civil War. Bierce goes to great lengths to describe the opening sequence in terms of its military arrangement. He provides brilliant images of group formations and soldier stances like "a single company of infantry in line, at 'parade rest' the butts of the rifles on the ground, the barrels inclining backward against the right shoulder, the hands crossed upon the stock". He also takes the time to describe exactly how fortified the Owl Creek Bridge is. He shows his military experience by describing a road that stretches out of site and assuming that "Doubtless there was an outpost farther along". The procedures of a military execution were explained thoroughly including the code of conduct: "In the code of military manners silence and fixity are forms of deference". Bierce earned the nickname "Bitter Bierce early in his life for his pessimism. This is not evident in this story until the end. The third and final part begins with a sequence of miraculous occurrences allowing Peyton Farquhar to es cape from his hanging. The description of these events leads the reader to believe that Bierce is a Romantic author rather than a realist. The rope breaks dropping him into the creek. He then uses his "superhuman strength to remove the rope from around his neck. Peyton is then blessed with better senses seeing the veins on leaves in the forest and hearing gnats and dragonfly wings in the distance. Then he sees the eye of a marksman on the bridge through the range on the rifle. Amazingly, this marksman misses what should be an easy target and allows Farquhar to...

Berlin Airlift Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Berlin Airlift - Essay Example This study outlines that  the divergence of views on the status of Berlin soon emerged. The Soviet Union considered the presence of the other three Western nations only as a temporary occupation. As Joseph Stalin claimed, in economic and administrative terms, the whole of Berlin belonged to the Soviet-occupied zone of Germany.   On the other hand, the Western Powers asserted that the citizens of Berlin had the right to choose and determine the future.  Ã‚  From this paper it is clear that  the rift was further aggravated given the difference in Soviet Union’s and Western nation’s viewpoints regarding the economic recovery plan for Germany.   The former believed that Germany should be incapacitated to launch another war since Stalin assumed that Germany along with Japan could once again be perils to Soviet Union by 1960s.   On the contrary, the Western Powers, particularly the US, stressed that the post war reconstruction of Europe primarily depends on the re building of German economy and industry.  In line with the Western recovery plan, the unification of the Western-occupied sectors in Germany, dubbed as the Marshall Plan, was announced on March 6, 1948. The three Western zones would be consolidated with an independent federal government.  In this regard, the Soviet Union withdrew from the Allied Control Council administering over Berlin due to the perceived violation of the Potsdam Agreement by the Western Powers.... In this regard, the Soviet Union withdrew from the Allied Control Council administering over Berlin due to the perceived violation of the Potsdam Agreement by the Western Powers ("Reader's Companion to American History"). Apparently, the country was divided into East Germany under the Soviet Union and West Germany under Western Power control. As such, Berlin was similarly divided. As a pre-requisite for the establishment of independence, the Western Powers called for the revival of the economy. During those times, the only active economy in West Germany was the black market. To push through with the Marshall Plan, the underground economy would have to be destroyed. The Western Powers believed that currency reform was the answer. (Botting) Currency Reform As part of the proposed change in currency, a brand new currency, the Deutschemark, would replace the highly depreciated Reichsmark. The Deutschemark was set with a stable and universally accepted value. For the plan to succeed, the currency reform operation was carried out in utmost secrecy. They deemed it crucial that no leak was generated for this would result to adverse international consequence. (Botting) When the new currency was announced in June 23, 1948, substantial economic recovery commenced in West Germany. The confidence in money was revived and economy normalized as traders abandoned the barter system and sold goods in exchange for cash. The shops were also filled with various consumer goods which had not been sold legally for a long time. (Botting) Soviet Reaction The introduction of the new currency proved to be unacceptable for the Soviet Union. In a meeting between Stalin and three Western

Nigerian women Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Nigerian women - Case Study Example The second section introduces the initial career goals set by female specialists in Nigeria. Next, the motivation for women joining banks is observed. An important qualitative measure - a level of job satisfaction with its connection to performance - is given after that. General issues regarding the career development of women in Nigeria follows then. After that a particular inequality issues are analysed in the order of the descending significance. At first issues regarding work-life balance are given. The next section speculates on theoretical assumptions of wage gap, glass ceiling, and occupational segregation connecting them to answers from the interview. After that the influence of the supervisor is drawn with special attention to mentoring. Then follows the analysis of the effect of cultural influence with assumptions on its adjustment. Finally, the conclusion briefly names all the results acquired in this research. Age of the respondents fluctuates from 25 to 45. It is important to notice that the research sample reflects the situation on the whole banking industry; that is most of the female employees working in Nigerian banks are married, well-educated women in their 30-40s. Note that there was no visible connection found between the age of the employee and the generation of bank (first/second). Most of the Nigerian women are occupied in the... The banking sector of Nigeria is interested only in skillful educated specialists, and it is hard for the average person to get into the ranks of the banks. Therefore we can suppose that each of the respondents has rather high social status. There is one Ph.D. degree, one candidate Ph.D. degree and six Master degrees. As can be seen from the Appendix 1 older female bankers have higher academic degrees. Additionally it should be noted that most of the respondents (six) have education in economics and only two of them have degrees in social sciences. The third important piece of the background portrait is the family status of the population. Social study of Nigeria shows that about 81% of women in the age from 15 to 49 were ever married (Isiugo-Abanihe 1998). Six respondents of our sample are married, one respondent is single, and one is divorced. The average fertility rate for Nigerian population is 5,4. Nevertheless, there are 3 female bankers with three children, 2 with two children, 1 having one child, 1 having four children, and one woman without children. As can be seen, the average amount of children in the research population is lower than that of the whole Nigerian population. This corresponds with findings in previous researches, which indicate that working women following their career paths usually have less stable families. Initial career goals Determining initial career goals is perceived as an important part of the career planning throughout the lifetime of a person, regardless of race and gender. Most of the researchers admit that employees usually achieve only those career objectives, which were planned. There's very little mystery about what career success requires. You

Dissertation topic and proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Topic and proposal - Dissertation Example The highly accepted classification of SMEs in UK and EU attributes to â€Å"the number of employees or annual turnover, with small enterprises constituting of less than 50 employees and medium size enterprise at more than 50 and less than 249 employees† (BIS Department for Business and Innovation Skills, pp. 1-7, 2010). The nature of ownership in SMEs is either the individual entrepreneur or the family investments, which later on is inducted by directors on behalf of the majority shareholders. The SMEs sector in UK has jumped to an enormous boom in the last couple of years by increasing the net to 400,000 firms every year and even the micro businesses or self-employment has contributed a significant turnover for over ? 200 billion to the economy even in the severe economic turmoil of recession on inflation (Amble, pp. 20-29, 2004). The small and medium sized business has emerged as a powerful source in contributing to net revenue of the economy by intervening for almost 13 % i n financial and business intermediation, such as real estate and business operations. In addition, by contribution in 12% to agricultural and fishing business, wholesales and retails at 21% indicating to largest contribution to the private sector turnover (BIS Department for Business and Innovation Skills, pp. 1-6, 2010). The role of SMEs enterprises has played a significant part in the economic and social growth followed by the industrialization, income, and employment generation to the economy (OECD Conference for SMEs, pp. 1-3, 2004). Research Aim: The important element of enterprises is to induct the easy or smooth availability of the capital for their start up or growing business. The imperfect capital market and the economic turmoil have created barriers for insufficient external funding to the SMEs that has forced the government intervention in equity and debt market to provide funds and loans to their ventures (Graham, pp. 56-64, 2004). The main aim of the dissertation of th e proposal is to ‘Highlight and analyze the significance of the financing intervention within the small and medium sized enterprises and their attributes’. It also aims to analyze the following in order to bridge the gap between the finance providers and the small business. 1. Close analyses of the SMEs and their access to external finance. 2. The financial growth and government intervention in SMEs 3. The needs and supply capabilities between SMEs and financial intermediaries. Research Objectives: The objective of the dissertation includes the detail literature review and problems faced by SMEs deployment of financial funds. The purpose of this research is to recognize the factors influencing the financial decision making of SMEs and any other alternative option for funds. The study will also focus on critical factors discussed as below (Competition Commission, pp. 1-3, 2002): 1. Identify the policies and regulations for the provision of funds by the bank 2. Identify t he various sources of finance available to the SMEs and their significance. 3. Identify and deployment of options which are used to improve the burden of cost and accountability of revenue and profits for SMEs. Research Questions: Following are the questions that highlight the main reasons for the research dissertation: 1. What are the factors that are affecting the SMEs financial market and access

Factors Effecting Cardiac Output Physical Education Essay

Factors Effecting Cardiac Output Physical Education Essay Inotropy can have positive or negative effect on the heart, especially the ventricles. There are few factors that can influence inotropy; this can either be neuronal, hormonal. The neuronal influence is predominately from the autonomic nerves, either the parasympathetic or the sympathetic nerves and these have both negative and positive effect on inotropy. However, other influences come from some drugs which have positive or negative effect on inotropy. This will consequently affect the cardio output by changing the state of for example ESV, preload, stroke volume and heart rate. All of these factors are related and depend on each other. Section A: The autonomic nerves are divided into two, parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. The sympathetic nerves cause a positive inotropy. It does this by releasing norpinephrine by the postganlionic fibers and the secretion of epinephrine from adrenal medulla. These hormones, norpinephrine and epinephrine, causes the cardiac muscle cell metabolism. Hence, the contraction and the force of contraction in the cardiac muscle increase. This increases because of special types of receptors called adrenergic receptors found on the plasma membrane of the cardiac muscle cells. There are two types; one is called the alpha receptors and the other type is called the beta receptors. These receptors bind to and recognise both norepinephrine and epinephrine. Because of the cardiac muscle cells contraction increases this will cause the ventricles to contract harder. This will decrease the end systolic volume, because the amount of blood ejected from the ventricles increases. The other types of nerves that influence the inotropy are called parasympathetic nerves. The parasympathetic stimulation from the vagus causes the release of acetylcholine (ACh), which is a neurotransmitter. The ACh binds to two types of receptors; they are known as the muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. There are different types of mascarinic receptors; and the M2 muscarinic receptors are specific for the heart. These receptors work by maintaining the heart to stay at its constant state. When the ACh is released it binds to M2 mascurinic receptors. Therefore, after the reactions occur between the M2 mascurinic receptors and the ACh, the effect it has on the heart is that it reduces the heart rate; it also reduces the action potential produced by the SA node and the AV node. However, it also affects the heartà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to contract. Both the arterial and ventricular muscle cells are innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. However, in the ventricular muscle cells, the parasympathetic nerves have more compact than the sympathetic nerves. For these reasons the parasympathetic stimulation has a negative effect on the inotropy. Beside the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulations having influence on the inotropic state; there are few hormones, described above, and drugs that can also influence the inotropic state of the heart. As mentioned above, epinephrine, which is released from the adrenal gland, and norepinephrine, which is released from the sympathetic nerves, increases the heart rate. This has a positive effect on the inotropic state of the heart. However, there are few drugs that have the opposite effect of the norepinephrine and epinephrine; these drugs are known as antagonist, because they block the action of the hormones. Some examples of such drugs are propanolol and digoxin. Propranolol works by blocking the beta adrenergic receptors that binds with epinephrine. This means that epinephrine cannot longer bind to these receptors, so therefore its effects are no longer seen and blocked. This is why propranolol and drugs similar to it are called beta-blockers. The actions seen by these drugs on the heart is that it slows down the heart rate. When the ventricles contract with great deal of force, the ventricles have to overcome some sort of tension; this tension is known as afterload and comes from the aorta pressure. Therefore, if the afterload is increased, this will mean the ventricular muscle cells will contract for longer period. Hence, the greater the end systolic volume will be; this is because the blood ejected is less and this will reduce the stroke volume, which means cardiac output will decrease as well. This mechanism only happens when the inotropy is increased and this can be done by hormonal or anatomic stimulation influence. On the other hand, a reduced inotropic sate, in this case the afterload is increased as well, will have the opposite effect on the end systolic volume. Section B: The preload is directly proportional to the end diastolic volume; therefore if there is an increase in the preload, there is an increase in the end diastolic volume. Basically what preload does is that it affects the cardiac muscle cellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability of creating tension. So this means during systole, during the contraction of the ventricular muscle cells, the force produced increases and is forceful. Therefore increasing inotropy, by hormones such as epinephrine or stimulation from the autonomic nervous system, will increase in the force of contraction of the ventricles. Another way the inotropy can be increased depends on the amount of blood that is returned to the heart, which is known as the venous return. This can for example be caused by excise; this will increase the venous return and which will increase the end diastolic volume. Hence the increase of end diastolic volume will cause the increase of both stroke volume and cardiac output. What the venous return does is that it stretches the ventricular muscle cells because of the more blood. So this means the sacromere length will increase so does the tension. This results in the contraction of the ventricular muscle cells with greater force and the ejection of more blood. Thus, an increase in the preload will cause an increase in end diastolic volume; so therefore stroke volume is increased and cardiac output. This mechanism is known as the Frank-Starling law; this law basically states that the more the heart is stretched, the harder the heart contracts to eject more blood. When the ventricles contract with great deal of force, the ventricles have to overcome some sort of tension; this tension is known as afterload and comes from the aorta pressure. Therefore, if the afterload is increased, this will mean the ventricular muscle cells will contract for longer period. Hence, the greater the end systolic volume will be; this is because the blood ejected is less and this will reduce the stroke volume, which means cardiac output will decrease as well. This mechanism only happens when the inotropy is increased and this can be done by hormonal or anatomic stimulation influence. On the other hand, a reduced inotropic sate, in this case the afterload is increased as well, will have the opposite effect on the end systolic volume. The contractility of the heart can, especially the ventricles, can have a great deal on the pressure and the development tension on the ventricles. This has an effect on the ejection fraction, because the inotropy changes the amount of blood ejected from the ventricles. There are two types of factors that increase the inotropic state. The types are either said to have positive inotropic or negative inotropic. In order for the cardiac muscles cells to contract, the sarcoplasmic reticulum has to release Ca2+ .What causes the contraction of the cardiac cells are the entry of Ca2+ into the cells. Therefore what the positive inotropic does is that it increases the amount of Ca2+ that enter into the cardiac muscle cells. This increases the stroke volume and lowers the ESV which in return increases the cardiac output. An example of this is the sympathetic stimulation on the heart. However, the negative inotropic has the opposite effect. This can for example be the parasympathetic stimulation; basically this will block the entry of the Ca2+ into the cardiac muscle cells. Thus the ejection fraction is reduced which leads to an increase on the ESV; hence the stroke volume decrease and cardiac output as well. The heart rate is defined as the number of times the heart beats in one minutes. In a normal person at rest beats as 70 beats per minutes. The body controls the heart rate different ways that might increase or decrease heart rate. Activities from the parasympathetic nerves decreases the heart rate, basically what happens is that stimulations sent from the parasympathetic nerves to the heart decreases heart rate; whereas the sympathetic nerves have the opposite effect. The effect seen from this is that the pacemaker potential decreases due to a decrease in the F-type sodium ions. This means the threshold is reached more slowly than it is normally, thus heart rate decreases and consequently the cardiac out decreases as well. Heart rate can also be affected by hormonal influence. One primarily example is the release of epinephrine which is released from adrenal medulla. This hormone basically acts on the receptors found on beta-adrenergic receptors in the SA node. These receptors normally accept norepinephrine, which is released from the neurons. The effect of these hormones is that it increases the heart rate, hence the cardiac output.

Ethics Case Study Essay

What are Ethics? Ethics are standards of behavior, developed as a result of ones concept of right and wrong (Judson & Harrison, 2010). Code of ethics is a list of principles that is intended to influence the actions of healthcare professionals within an organization. Ethical principles help guide the decision-making process among healthcare workers in complicated situations. This paper will review the assigned case study and provide the reader with the ethical issues and principles. The case study discussed an 8-month old child brought into the emergency department by the mother due to inconsolable crying. It was reported that the child had been crying since picked up at daycare. The nurse found that the child’s vital signs were slightly elevated and child’s thighs were edematous and warm to the touch. The assessment was then presented to the physician; concern was expressed that the child may have been injured. An x-ray was ordered revealing fractures to both femurs. The mother was informed of the findings by the physician; after speaking with the mother the physician decided it was not child abuse and therefore, the situation did not need to be reported. The ethical issues involved in this case study are the nurse and physician’s responsibility to report suspected child abuse. Social services should have been consulted to assist in the process of reporting the situation to Child Protective Services (CPS). Hardy and Armitage state â€Å"In all actions concerning children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration† (2002, p. 109). In this case, the primary consideration was not in the best interest of the child. According to Judson and Harrison the physician has the responsibility to understand the tools for diagnosing and treating abuse and to be familiar with the available resources (2010). The nurse in this case has the ethical duty to report the physician for not having concern regarding a possible child abuse situation. Healthcare professionals have an ethical duty to expose unethical behaviors by other members of the healthcare field. Nursing has progressed over the years into a respected and honorable profession. Insaf Altun (2008) states it best by saying, â€Å"The six key roles  of nursing are: advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy, in patient and health systems management, and education† (p. 839). The two key roles the nurse in this case study failed to provide for the patient are advocacy and promotion of a safe environment. If the nurse was using good moral and professional judgment, he or she would have reported the situation immediately for the wellbeing of the child. Three of the ethical principles that are discussed are nonmaleficence, veracity and paternalism. The first ethical principle is nonmaleficence, meaning first do no harm (Judson and Harrison, 2010). A question asked by Milton and Cody (2001 p.290) was, â€Å"How can one keep from doing harm if one acts without knowing what the reality of the lived experience is for the person?† In the case study, neither the nurse nor physician knows what happened to the child or the reality of the circumstances that led to fractured femurs. The healthcare professional would have upheld this ethical principle and the law by reporting the suspected abuse, thus doing no harm and protecting the child from further harm. Another ethical principle that the physician could have used is veracity. The ethical principle of veracity deals with the truth or truth telling (Henry, 2005). The physician in this case should have discussed the health status of the child with the mother, made a â€Å"good† moral judgment, and told the mother the incident must be reported to CPS; the case could have been presented to the mother in a non-accusatory manner. The physician should have been reported for assuming the incident did not need to be reported. Furthermore, the nurse should have stepped forward and reported the incident, thereby promoting veracity on behalf of the case at hand. The third ethical principle in the case study to discuss is paternalism. At times paternalism viewed as a negative act because it allows healthcare providers to make decisions for the patients (Andre & Velasquez, 2008).The facts in the case study provide for an excellent example of when paternalism should be exercised. The nurse or physician in the case study could have used paternalism as a guiding ethical principle to do what was right for the  safety of the child by reporting the incident. The child has no voice to defend or protect him or herself and in this situation, the nurse should have advocated for the patient. The three ethical principles mentioned above are valued in my personal and professional life as a mother, nurse and student. The first ethical principle discussed nonmaleficence has been a personal value of mine throughout my life, used in all aspects of my life. The second ethical principle, veracity is maintained most of the time. I believe there are situations where telling the person the whole truth would not have an optimal outcome. The third ethical principle mentioned paternalism is used at times in my professional life as a nurse and in my personal life as a mother. The outcome of the case study could have been optimal for all involved the child, mother, nurse, and physician if the situation occurred at a children’s hospital. The likelihood of staff in a children’s hospital to have the proper training on signs of, diagnosing, treating, and reporting suspected abuse is much higher than an adult focused medical center. The American Association of Heart Failure Nurses incorporates ethical principles in the respect of advancement of care, education, and research to promote the best outcomes for patients’ with heart failure. One ethical principle used by the association is beneficence; this principle is used by providing evidence-based research, treatment, and education for patients and healthcare professionals. Using evidence-based medicine the association is giving optimal care for this patient population. Using ethical principles healthcare professionals can ensure they are making good moral decisions regarding care and treatment of patients. The ethical principles do not have to be a value of the healthcare professional, but must be upheld for the best interest of the patient. References Altun, I. (2008). Innovation in behavior patterns that characterize nurses. Nursing Ethics, 15(6), 838-840. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from EBSCOHost database. Andre C. & Velasquez M. (2008). For your own good. Retrieved April 21, 2009, fromhttp://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v4n2/owngood.htmlHardy, M., & Armitage, G. (2002). The child’s right to consent to x-ray and imaging investigations: issues of restraint and immobilization from a multidisciplinary perspective. Journal of Child Health Care, 6(2), 107-119. Retrieved April 20, 2009, from SAGE database. Henry, L. (2005). Disclosure of medical errors: Ethical considerations for the development of a facility policy and organizational culture change. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 6(2), 127-134. Retrieved April 21, 2009, from SAGE database. Judson, K. & Harrison, C. (2010). Law and ethics for medical careers (5th ed). New York,NY: McGraw-Hill. Milton, C. & Cody, W. (2001). The ethics of bearing witness in healthcare: A beginning exploration. Nursing Science Quarterly, 14(4), 288-296. Retrieved April 20, 2009 from SAGE database.